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NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR AUTOMOBILES
Foreword
The QCVN 90:2015/BGTVT is compiled by the Vietnam Register, appraised by Ministry of Science and Technology, and promulgated by the Minister of Transport under Circular No. 87/2015/TT-BGTVT dated December 31, 2015.
The QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT replaces QCVN 09:2011/BGTVT.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON TECHNICAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION FOR AUTOMOBILES
1.1. Scope
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1.2. Regulated entities
This Regulation applies to facilities manufacturing, assembling, organizations and individuals importing vehicles, parts thereof, other agencies, organizations, and individuals relevant to management, inspection, testing, and certification of technical safety and environmental protection of vehicles and parts thereof.
1.3. Definitions
1.3.1. Terminologies pertaining to vehicle dimensions are defined under the TCVN 6528.
1.3.2. Terminologies pertaining to vehicular weight are defined under the TCVN 6529.
1.3.3. Articulated bus: Refers to a vehicle consisting of at least two rigid sections connected by pivoting joints. Passengers are able to move from one section to another. The coupling or decoupling of sections shall only be implemented at factories.
1.3.4. Double-deck vehicle: Refers to a passenger vehicle consisting of two levels which can facilitate passenger occupation.
1.3.5. Seat other than driver’s seat: Refers to a seat for passengers other than the driver’s seat.
1.3.6. Individual seat: Refers to a seat designed and manufactured to facilitate one passenger.
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1.3.8. Bench seat: Refers to a seat designed and manufactured with frames and cushion to facilitate at least two passengers.
1.3.9. Seat-back: Refers to a vertical part of a seat designed to allow passenger’s back, shoulders, and possibly even head to rest.
1.3.10. Seat-cushion: Refers to a horizontal part of a seat designed to provide support for sitting passenger.
1.3.11. Head restraint: Refers to a part for limiting rearward displacement of the head in relation to the torso to minimize injury to the cervical vertebrae of vehicle passengers in case of accident.
1.3.11.1. Integrated head restraint: Refers to a head restraint formed by the top section of a seat-back. The type of head restraint conforming to definitions under 1.3.11.2 and 1.3.11.3 that can only be removed from the seat or vehicle structures by using tools or by partially or entirely disassembling the seat shall also be considered integrated head restraint.
1.3.11.2. Detachable head restraint: Refers to a head restraint that can be detached from the seat, is designed to be inserted to and/or secured to seat-back.
1.3.11.3. Separate head restraint: Refers to a head restraint that is a separate part of the seat, designed to be inserted to and/or secured to vehicle structure.
1.3.12. Gangway: Refers to a space where passenger can move from any seat or seat row to any other seat or seat row or gangway to enter or exit through any service door. Gangway does not include:
- Legroom of sitting passengers;
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- Space provided for the sole purpose of accessing a seat or a seat row.
1.3.13. Service door: Refers to door which passengers use in normal conditions when driver has taken the driver’s seat.
1.3.14. Single door: Refers to a door for one person or equivalent to an entrance or exit.
1.3.15. Double door: Refers to a door for two people or equivalent to two entrances or exits.
1.3.16. Emergency door: Refers to a door for use by passengers as an irregular door and only in case of emergency and does not include service door.
1.3.17. Emergency window: Refers to a window for use by passengers only in case of emergency (such window is not required to be fitted with glass).
1.3.18. Emergency exit: Refers to emergency door, emergency window, and emergency shutter.
1.3.19. Single axle: Refers to one axle.
1.3.20. Tandem axle group: Refers to an axle group consisting of two axles where the spacing between two axles does not exceed 2 m.
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1.3.22. Steering axle: Refers to an axle fitted with wheel control mechanism in order to change the direction of motion of the vehicle and controlled by the driver.
1.3.23. Twin steer axle group: Refers to an axle group consisting of two single-tyre steering axles where spacing between two axles does not exceed 2 m, these axles are connected to the same driving mechanism that controls the steering wheels.
1.3.24. Lift axle: Refers to an axle fitted with mechanism or equipment that allows adjustment of load of the axle or lifting and lowering of wheels by the driver.
1.3.25. Self-steering axle: Refers to an axle capable of adjusting direction of the wheels to the direction of motion of the vehicle by mechanical mechanism or control system.
1.3.26. Symbols regarding vehicle groups are defined under the TCVN 8658.
1.3.27. Terminologies regarding lights and signal lights of vehicles are defined under the TCVN 6978.
2.1.1. Basic technical specifications
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a) Length: Maximum vehicle length is specified under Schedule 1.
Schedule 1 - Overall length limit for automobiles
No.
Type of vehicle
Maximum length (m)
1
Dump truck
Two axles
Gross vehicle mass not exceeding 5 tonne
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Gross vehicle mass of at least 5 tonne and not exceeding 10 tonne
6,0
Gross vehicle mass of at least 10 tonne
7,0
3 axles in total
7,8
4 axles in total
9,3
5 axles in total
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2
Articulated bus
20,0
3
Other vehicles
12,2
b) Width: Maximum width is 2,5 m.
c) Height:
- Not higher than 4,2 m for double-deck vehicles;
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In addition, if gross vehicle mass does not exceed 5 tonne, vehicle height, other than projection of antenna or equipment of similar structure that does not affect stability of special-use automobiles as defined under the TCVN 6211 shall satisfy the requirement below:
Hmax ≤ 1,75 WT
Where:
Hmax: Maximum permissible height of the vehicle (Figure 1);
WT: Spacing between contact points created by two rear wheels and road surface if the rear axle consists of single-tyre wheels (Figure 1a) or Spacing between center contact points created by each rear wheel set and road surface if the rear axle consists of dual-tyre wheels (Figure 1b).
d) Rear overhang (ROH) refers to distance between the vertical plane passing through the centrer of the axle (single axle) or axle group (ROH line) and the rearmost point of the vehicle. ROH of vehicles other than chassis cabs and special-use vehicles defined under the TCVN 7271 shall satisfy requirements below:
- Not exceeding 65% of wheelbase (Lcs) in case of passenger vehicles (wheelbase of articulated bus is calculated for the first section).
- Not exceeding 60% of wheelbase (Lcs) in case of trucks.
Where: Wheelbase (Lcs) is the distance from the ROH line to the center of the center of the frontmost axles; Identification of ROH line shall conform to the following principles:
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- If a vehicle consists of two rear axles or a tandem group axle where both axles have similar tyre number, the ROH line shall cross the middle point of both axles; where one axle consists of twice as many tyres as the other axle, the ROH line shall cross the point located at two-thirds (2/3) of the distance from the center of axle with fewer tyres to the center of axle with more tyres;
- If a vehicle consists of tri-axle groups, the ROH line shall cross the middle of 2 centers of the rear most axles;
- If rear axle groups consist of steering axles, self-steering axles, lift axles in combination with other axles (non-steering axles), only non-steering axles shall be taken into account for the purpose of identifying ROH line.
For the purpose of identifying wheelbase (Lcs), ROH line of specific circumstances can be referred from Schedule 2 and Figure 2 below.
Figure 1 - Maximum permissible height of vehicle with gross mass not exceeding 5,0 tonne
e) Ground clearance: Not lower than 120 mm (except for special-use vehicles). In respect of vehicles where adjustment of ground clearance is possible, ground clearance shall be measured at the highest position.
Figure 2 - Illustrations of methods for identifying wheelbase (Lcs) and rear overhang (ROH)
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No.
Rules for identifying ROH
Illustration
1
If a vehicle only consists of one rear axle, the ROH line shall cross the center of the axle
2
If a vehicle consists of rear tandem axle group that are non-steering axles and each axle consists of equal number of tyres, the ROH line shall cross the middle of the centers of aforesaid axles.
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If a vehicle consists of rear tandem axle group that are non-steering axles where one axle consists of twice as many tyres as the other axle does, the ROH line shall cross the point located at two-thirds (2/3) of the distance from the center of the axle with fewer tyres to the center of the axle with more tyres
4
If a vehicle consists of a rear tri-axle group that are non-steering axles and all axles consist of equal number of tyres, the ROH line shall cross the center of the middle axle.
5
If a vehicle consists of one steering axle at the rear with one non-steering axle, the ROH line shall cross the center of the non-steering axle.
6
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7
If a vehicle consists of one or two lift axles at the rear with one or many non-lift axles, the ROH line shall cross the point located between the centers of non-lift axles.
8
If a vehicle consists of four axles with equal number of tyres
- Without steering axles:
With steering axles:
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2.1.1.2. Maximum axle load:
- Single axle: 10 tonne.
- Tandem axle group: dependent on spacing between the centers of axles d:
d < 1,0 m: 11 tonne;
1,0 ≤ d < 1,3 m: 16 tonne;
d ≥ 1,3m: 18 tonne.
- Tri-axle group: dependent on the smallest spacing between the centers of adjacent axles d:
d ≤ 1,3 m: 21 tonne;
d > 1,3 m: 24 tonne.
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Maximum gross vehicle mass of all vehicle types shall conform to Schedule 3 below.
Schedule 3 - Maximum gross vehicle mass
No.
Type of vehicle
Maximum gross vehicle mass (tonne)
1
Vehicles with 2 axles in total
16
2
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24
3
Vehicles with 4 axles in total
30
4
Vehicles with 5 axles in total or more
4.1
Vehicles where distance from the center of the first axle to the center of the last axle ≤ 7m
32
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Vehicles where distance from the center of the first axle to the center of the last axle > 7m
34
2.1.2. Other requirements
2.1.2.1. Vehicles and parts thereon shall be appropriate for right-hand traffic as per the law.
2.1.2.2. Load distributed on steering axle(s) shall satisfy requirements below when vehicles are laden and not laden (in case of articulated bus, the percentage requirement applies to the first section):
- Not lower than 25% in case of passenger vehicles (other than urban passenger automobiles).
- Not lower than 20% in case of other vehicle types.
2.1.2.3. Angle of the static lateral stability of an unladen vehicle shall not be lower than:
- 28° for double-deck vehicles;
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- 35° for other types of vehicles.
2.1.2.4. Systems and assemblies of vehicles shall ensure technical functions when the vehicles operate on the road during normal operating conditions.
2.1.2.5. Vehicles transporting people, cargo (for trucks) with liquid fuel tank shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 52:2013/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 34 of equivalent edition or higher.
2.1.2.6. In respect of passenger vehicles whose maximum gross mass exceeds 5 tonne and minimum passenger capacity is 22 people, interior materials shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 53:2013/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 118 of equivalent edition or higher.
2.1.2.7. Calculated weight of a person shall conform to regulations of manufacturers and shall not be lower than 65 kg/person (including 3 kg of carry-on).
2.1.2.8. Passenger capacity (including driver and attendant) (N) of passenger vehicles in all situations shall satisfy requirements below:
N ≤ (Gtbmax - G0 - L* V )/ Gn
Where:
Gtbmax = Maximum gross vehicle mass (the maximum vehicle weight stipulated by competent authority) (kg);
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L = Mass of cargo identified by volume of cargo space (kg/m3) (L = 100 kg/m³);
V = Total volume (m3) of cargo space (if any);
Gn = Calculated mass of a person.
2.1.2.9. Chassis number (vehicle identification number - VIN): Vehicles shall bear chassis number whose contents and structure are similar to that of VIN, other than vehicles manufactured or assembled from vehicles already having chassis number (or the VIN). Chassis number shall satisfy requirements below:
- Position and format of chassis number shall conform to requirements under the TCVN 6580.
- Content and structure of chassis number shall satisfy requirements applicable to VIN under the TCVN 6578. The tenth (10th) digit of chassis number shall indicate manufacturing year of vehicles (the calendar year which vehicles are manufactured, assembled).
2.2. Engine and transmission system
2.2.1. Engine capacity corresponding to each tonne of maximum gross vehicle mass shall not be lower than 7,35 kW. This requirement does not apply to chassis cabs, special-use automobiles, electric vehicles, and vehicles whose maximum gross vehicle mass is at least 30 tonne.
2.2.2. During laden test on dry and even road, vehicles (other than special-use trucks and special-use automobiles) shall satisfy requirements below:
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t ≤ 20 + 0,4G
Where:
t - Acceleration duration from the start to the moment where the vehicles have travelled 200 m (in seconds);
G - Maximum gross vehicle mass (in tonne).
2.2.2.2. Maximum speed is not lower than 60 km/h.
2.2.3. While laden and moving on dry road, in the forward direction of motion, vehicles shall be capable of moving forward on a 20% slope (or 12% slope in case of articulated bus). During slope test, engine and transmission system shall operate normally.
2.3.1. Having rigid structure and installed properly.
2.3.2. Tyres on the same axle in normal operating conditions shall be of the same types. Tyres shall be of adequate quantity, pressure, technical specifications (size, speed or velocity grade, load or load capacity of tyres) conformity to technical and design dossiers of the vehicles.
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2.3.3. Vehicles shall be fitted with wheel guards where wheels or axle groups are located. Wheel guards can be parts of a vehicle body, mudguards, or other similar parts and shall satisfy requirements below:
- Width of wheel guard shall be sufficient to cover the wheels.
- In respect of M1 passenger vehicles, distance from the lowest point of wheel guards of the rearmost axles to the horizontal plane crossing the center of the rear axles shall not exceed 150 mm; in respect of other vehicle types, ground clearance of wheel guards of the rearmost axles, including mudguards (if installed) shall be lower than 230 mm.
2.3.4. In respect of vehicles with spare tyres, lifting and lowering mechanism (if any) shall not be located on the port side of the vehicles.
2.3.5. Light alloy wheels fitted to cars, trucks with maximum gross vehicle mass of 3,5 tonne shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 78:2014/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 124 of equivalent edition or higher.
2.4.1. Capable of accurately changing direction of the vehicles, smoothly and safely controlling the vehicles at all velocity and load within the permissible technical capability of the vehicles.
2.4.2. Turning wheels shall maintain a forward direction of motion of the vehicle when the vehicle is moving on a straight line or return to a forward direction of motion when the steering wheels are left free.
2.4.3. During operation, all moving parts of driving system shall not make contact with other vehicle parts such as frame and body.
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2.4.5. The difference in force necessary for turning the steering wheel to the left and to the right shall be insignificant.
2.4.6. Deadzone of steering wheel:
- For cars and passenger vehicles of up to 12 seats, including driver’s seats, trucks of maximum load capacity of 1500 kg: no more than 10o.
- For other vehicle types: no more than 15o.
2.4.7. Lateral slip of turning wheels shall not exceed 5 mm/m.
2.4.8. Minimum turning radius determined by the outer front wheel of the vehicle shall not exceed 12 m.
2.5.1. Vehicles shall be equipped with primary brake system and parking brake system.
2.5.2. Primary brake system and parking brake system shall operate independently of one another. Primary brake system shall be at least dual-circuit. Primary brake system shall be equipped to all wheels.
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2.5.4. Mechanical transmission of primary brake and parking brake shall operate flexibly, smoothly, and securely. Free travel shall conform to manufacturer’s regulations.
2.5.5. Primary brake system shall be structured and installed in a way that the driver can operate the brake while sitting on the driver’s seat and without removing his/her hand off the steering wheels.
2.6.5. When engaged, parking brake system shall be able to maintain its activation without force continuously applied by the driver.
2.5.7. Primary brake system that utilizes compressed gas transmission shall satisfy requirements below:
- All valves shall operate normally;
- After 8 activations of full travel of primary brake system, pressure drop in compressed gas container shall not exceed 392 kPa. Testing shall fulfill requirements below:
- Initial energy level (compressed gas pressure) in compressed gas container shall be regulated by manufactures. Initial energy level shall be sufficient to achieve brake effectiveness stipulated for primary brake system;
- Compressed gas container shall not be refilled during tests. In addition, compressed gas containers serving primary brakes shall be isolated from compressed gas containers serving auxiliary equipment.
2.5.8. Primary brake effectiveness
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- Test mode: unladen vehicle (with one driver);
- Total braking force shall not be lower than 50% of unladen mass;
- Difference in braking force of one axle (between left wheel and right wheel):
KSL = (PFlớn - PFnhỏ).100%/PFlớn
KSL shall not be greater than 25%.
Where:
KSL: difference in braking force on one axle;
PFlớn: the larger braking force;
PFnhỏ: the lower braking force.
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a) Unladed test (with one driver):
- Conduct test on flat and dry asphalt or concrete road where coefficient of kinetic friction φ is not lower than 0,6;
- Brake effectiveness (which is evaluated by either braking distance Sp or maximum braking deceleration JPmax) in unladen test is specified under Schedule 4;
- During brake, the vehicle shall not deviate outside of braking corridor specified under Schedule 4.
Schedule 4 - Primary brake effectiveness in unladen test
Type of vehicle
Speed at the start of braking (km/h)
Braking distance (m)
Maximum deceleration (m/s2)
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Car
50
≤ 19
≥ 6,2
2,5
Truck, passenger vehicle with maximum gross vehicle mass of 3,5 tonne
50
≤ 21
≥ 5,8
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Other vehicle types
30
≤ 9
≥ 5,4
3,0
b) Laden test:
- Conduct test on flat and dry asphalt or concrete road where coefficient of kinetic friction φ is not lower than 0,6;
- Brake effectiveness (which is evaluated by either braking distance SP or maximum braking deceleration JPmax) in laden test is specified under Schedule 5;
- During brake, the vehicle shall not deviate outside of braking corridor specified under Schedule 5.
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Type of vehicle
Speed at the start of braking (km/h)
Braking distance (m)
Maximum deceleration (m/s2)
Braking corridor (m)
Car
50
≤ 20
≥ 5,9
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Truck, passenger vehicle with maximum gross vehicle mass of 3,5 tonne
50
≤ 22
≥ 5,4
2,5
Other vehicle types (1)
30
≤ 10
≥ 5,0
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Note: (1) Brake effectiveness requirement is not required when conducting laden test on tractor units
2.5.9. Parking brake effectiveness:
- Test mode: unladen vehicle (with one driver);
- Parking brake effectiveness shall be assessed by any of the two criteria below:
+ Total parking braking force is not lower than 16% of unladen mass when tested on test bench; or
+ The vehicle is capable of parking on a 20% slope (in both uphill and downhill direction), even and dry asphalt or concrete surface with coefficient of kinetic friction φ not lower than 0,6.
2.5.10. Passenger vehicles fitted with beds shall be equipped with anti-lock braking system (ABS).
2.6.1. Be able to sustain load placed upon them, provide the necessary comfort when operating on roads.
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2.6.3. Vibration frequency of suspended sections of the vehicle when it is laden (determined using method under Appendix 1 hereof) must not be greater than 2,5 Hz.
2.7.1. Requirements of gasoline or diesel fuel system
2.7.1.1. Filter and air components of fuel tanks shall:
- Not leak fuel; and
- Be installed at least 300 mm away from outlets of tailpipes and at least 200 mm away from electrical switches and open sockets; and
- Not be installed in passenger cabin and cargo space.
2.7.1.2. Materials of fuel pipes shall be able to withstand the type of fuel used by the vehicle.
2.7.1.3. Pipes (other than soft pipes) shall be held in place by clips where the distance between any adjacent clips does not exceed 1000 mm.
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2.7.2.1. General requirements:
- All parts shall be accurately placed and firmly clipped;
- LPG leak is prevented;
- All parts of LPG system do not protrude from the exterior of the vehicle other than gas inlet which may protrude up to 10 mm;
- All parts of LPG system shall be at least 100 mm away from outlets or similar heat sources unless these parts are adequately insulated.
2.7.2.2. Requirements of LPG tanks shall conform to Appendix 2 section 1 hereof.
2.7.3. Requirements of compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system
2.7.3.1. General requirements:
- All parts shall be accurately placed and firmly clipped;
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- All parts of CNG system do not protrude from the exterior of the vehicle other than gas inlet which may protrude up to 10 mm;
- All parts of CNG system shall be at least 100 mm away from outlets or similar heat sources unless these parts are adequately insulated;
- All parts of CNG system installed in cargo space shall be tightly enclosed by airtight cover;
- Outlets of the airtight cover shall lead to outside environment and not aim at fender or other heat sources such as tailpipe.
2.7.3.2. Requirements of CNG tanks shall conform to Appendix 2 section 2 hereof.
2.8.1. Electrical wire shall be insulated. Electrical wire shall be able to withstand temperature and humidity especially if it is located in engine compartment. Electrical wire shall be protected and firmly clipped in place to prevent cutting, abrasion, friction damage.
2.8.2. All sockets, jacks, and electric switches shall be insulated.
2.8.3. Battery shall be firmly secured. Battery compartment shall not be connected to passenger cabin, driver cabin, and shall receive natural ventilation.
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2.9.1. Chassis and body shall be firmly secured.
2.9.2. Cargo racks shall not be positioned on top of passenger vehicle of all kinds. Carry-on compartments in passenger cabin (if any) shall be firmly secured, able to prevent luggage from falling out and have minimum load-bearing capability of 50 kG/m2.
2.9.3. Trucks, special-use vehicles, trailer tractor units, and tractor units whose gross vehicle mass is at least 8 tonne shall be fitted with side fences that meet requirements below:
- Distance from the foremost point of fences to the front wheels (or special-use mechanism such as outrigger of vehicles fitted with cranes, control mechanisms of cement trucks, etc.) and the distance from the rearmost point of the fences to the rear wheels shall not exceed 400 mm;
- Distance from the lowest point of the fences to the road shall not exceed 500 mm;
- Distance from the highest point of the fences to the road shall not be lower than 700 mm. If the distance between vehicle body and the road is lower than 700 mm, fences are not required.
2.9.4. Vehicle body shall not contain jagged edges or protrusions that can cause harm to other road users. This requirement may not apply to specific types of special-use automobiles.
2.10. Connecting, hauling equipment
Connecting and hauling equipment shall be firmly secured. Ratchets and pawls must not disengage by themselves. Chains or wires (if any) shall be of sufficient strength.
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2.11.1. Control mechanism, indicators and signals
2.11.1.1. All mechanisms, equipment, and switches mentioned below (if any) shall be installed within the space limited by two planes parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle and 500 mm to the sides of the drive shafts and in a manner that enables the driver to acknowledge and control them with ease from the driver's seat:
- All mechanisms and equipment for controlling the engine, transmission system such as switches for starting, turning off the engine; controlling ignition time; fuel injection time; gas pedal; clutch; gearbox;
- All mechanisms controlling brake system;
- All mechanisms controlling lights, horn, blinkers, water nozzles, wipers, windshield defrosters.
2.11.1.2. All mechanisms controlling the engines and transmission system (other than switches for starting the engine, gas pedal, equipment controlling transmission system), control mechanisms relevant to light system such as light, horn, water nozzle, wiper, and windshield defroster systems shall be symbol-coded and located close to control mechanisms in order to allow the driver to distinguish relevant control mechanisms. Control mechanisms of blinkers shall be distinguishable by symbols so that the driver can easily acknowledge the direction indicated by the blinkers.
2.11.1.3. Speedometer, light indicating, signaling operating conditions of blinkers, headlights, fuel system, engine coolant, engine oil, brake system, battery recharge, or other indicator and signaling lights of other systems shall be positioned in a way that the driver can observe and recognize at ease during daytime and even in the lack of lighting.
2.11.2. Spring mechanisms of gas pedal, brake pedal, clutch pedal (if any) shall be able to return these pedals to starting position if the driver stops applying force.
2.11.3. Symbols indicating position of gearstick shall be required.
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2.11.5. Seating arrangement in the cabin shall satisfy requirements below:
- Driver’s seat shall satisfy requirements under 2.12;
- Width and depth of seat-cushion of seats other than driver’s seat shall satisfy requirements under 2.14.2;
- If the cabin consists of two seat rows, the spacing between the first row and the second row (L) shall not be lower than 630 mm (Figure 5);
- Seating arrangement in the cabin shall not affect driving capability of the driver and reserve enough space to allow other people to rest their feet on the floor.
- In all cases, the maximum number of people sitting in a cabin is 6 people.
2.12.1. Driver’s seat shall be positioned in a way that guarantee visibility of the driver when operating the vehicle.
2.12.2. Driver’s seat shall be of sufficient space to allow the driver to operate controlling equipment with ease. Misalignment between the center of driver’s seat and that of driver shall not affect driving capability of the driver and shall not exceed 40 mm. Dimensions and width of seat cushion shall not be lower than 400 mm.
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2.13.1. Passenger’s compartment must be designed to ensure safety for passengers during vehicle operation.
2.13.2. In respect of passenger’s compartments that do not receive air-conditioning, natural ventilation shall satisfy requirements below:
- If the vehicle is moving at a velocity of 30 km/h, the air flow at the same level as head of a sitting passenger shall have minimum velocity of 3 m/s;
- All openings shall be able to adjust the air flow.
2.13.3. Gangway
2.13.3.1. Gangway of passenger vehicles with more than 16 seats shall have minimum clear width of 300 mm and minimum clear height of 1700 mm. The space along gangway must be designed to facilitate movement of a gauge consisting of 2 concentric cylinders connected by an inverse truncated cone. Dimension of the cylinder conforms to Figure 3. In respect of vehicles where folding seats are allowed along the gangway, the measurement shall be made while the seats are in folded configuration.
2.13.3.2. Steps are allowed on gangway as long as their width is equal to that of the gangway and satisfies requirements under Schedule 7 and Figure 6.
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2.13.4. Standing places are not allowed on passenger vehicles other than urban passenger vehicles.
2.13.5. Specific requirements of passenger vehicles with beds
2.13.5.1. Beds shall be firmly secured and positioned in the direction of motion of the vehicle; each bed shall only facilitate one passenger and be fitted with safety belts satisfactory to 2.16.
2.13.5.2. Beds shall be of sufficient space to allow occupants to enter and exit with ease; dimensions of bed cushion and other dimensions shall satisfy regulations depicted under Figure 4.
Where:
- Distance D1 between 2 beds shall not be lower than 1650 mm;
- Bed cushion width R1 shall not be lower than 480 mm;
- Gangway width R2 shall not be lower than 400 mm. The space along gangway must be designed to facilitate movement of a gauge consisting of a cylinder of Ф400 mm where the height of the cylinder is described under Figure 3.
- C1 shall not be lower than 750 mm;
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Figure 4 - Bed arrangement on bus
2.13.5.3. Parts of bed frame that can make contact with or injure passengers shall be rounded or curved accordingly; shall not contain sharp or pointy edges that potentially harm users.
2.13.5.4. Thickness of bed cushion shall not be lower than 75 mm.
2.13.5.5. Gangway shall be required between each row of bed, beds located in passenger compartment shall not consist of more than two tiers.
2.13.5.6. Seats shall not be allowed on sleeper buses other than driver’s seat and attendant’s seat (if any).
2.13.5.7. Ladders shall be required as access to upper tier bed. Ladders shall be sufficiently rigid and secured to the vehicle accordingly in order to maintain safety during use. The first rung shall be 250 mm to 350 mm away from the floor and subsequent rungs shall be at most 250 mm away from the previous rung. At least one handle shall be required at appropriate height to allow users to ascend to the upper bed with ease. Handles shall rounded or curved and not contain jagged edges.
2.13.5.8. Beds shall be fitted with parts and structures that prevent passengers from falling out of the bed while vehicle is operating (commonly referred to as “guardrails”). The guardrails shall be rigid and at least 200 mm tall from the highest point of the beds (depending on where the measurement is made). Guardrails shall be rounded accordingly, shall not contain jagged or pointy edges which can harm passengers.
2.14. Seat other than driver’s seat
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2.14.2. Seat dimensions
2.14.2.1. Minimum width of seat-cushion shall be 400 mm for one person. In respect of adjacent seats on the same row of M1 passenger vehicles, width of seat-cushion for individual seats in a row can be lower than 400 mm and shall not be lower than 380 mm in all cases. However, the width of space occupied by passengers when measured at 270 mm to 650 mm above the seat-cushion shall not be lower than 400 mm for one passenger.
2.14.2.2. Minimum depth of seat-cushion shall be 350 mm for one passenger.
2.14.2.3. Minimum thickness of seat-cushion and seat-back shall be 50 mm (not applicable to seats other than driver’s seat in urban passenger vehicles with standing positions).
2.14.2.4. In respect of passenger vehicles, minimum gap between two rows of seats (L) shall be 630 mm; minimum gap between two facing seats (L0) shall be 1250 mm (Figure 5).
Figure 5 - Seating arrangement
2.14.2.5. In respect of passenger vehicles, minimum vertical clearance in seat space and seat access from the highest point of seat-cushion shall be 900 mm or 1350 mm from the floor where the passengers rest their feet; the vertical clearance can be reduced to a minimum of 1250 mm at fenders at the furthermost row of seats.
2.14.3. In respect of vehicles transporting children, minimum width and depth shall be 270 mm for one person. Minimum gap between two rows of seats (L) shall be 460 mm.
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2.14.5. Foldable seats shall be allowed along gangway of passenger vehicles with up to 30 seats, other than vehicles transporting children. Foldable seats shall only be allowed for attendants on passenger vehicles with more than 30 seats. Width, depth of seat-cushion, and height of seat-back of foldable seats shall not be lower than 75% of dimensions under 2.14.2.
Driver’s seat of cars and passenger vehicles of up to 16 seats shall be fitted with head restraints.
2.16.1. Driver’s seat of all vehicles shall be fitted with at least three-point safety belts.
2.16.2. The outermost seat other than driver’s seat on the first seat row and on the same seat row as the driver’s seat (other than urban passenger automobiles) shall be fitted with at least three-point safety belts. Seats located between driver’s seat and the outermost seat of the same row shall be fitted with at least two-point safety belts.
2.16.3. Seat other than driver’s seat on the first row and on the same row as the driver’s seat (other than urban passenger automobiles) and beds shall be fitted with at least two-point safety belts.
2.16.3. Safety belts shall be installed depending on whether the passengers sit or lie, functional, highly reliable, and capable of minimizing risk of injury to users in case of accident. Safety belts shall not contain features that harm users.
2.16.5. All parts of safety belts shall satisfy requirements below:
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- Locks shall be designed in a way that improper use such as closing the safety belt half-way is not possible. Belt unbuckling shall done in a quick manner;
- Seat belt adjuster shall automatically adjust the belt to firmly wrap around users or, in the case of manual adjuster, allow users to adjust with ease after they have sat down;
- Belts shall not be twisted even when fully stretched and shall be capable of absorbing and dissipating energy. Minimum belt width shall be 46 mm;
- Belt anchorage shall be firmly secured and appropriate to the type and location of belt involved.
2.16.6. Safety belt instructions shall be required in vehicle instruction manuals.
2.17.1. Clear dimension of service doors of passenger vehicles (not including vehicles transporting children) shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 6.
Schedule 6 - Minimum clear dimensions of doors
Type of vehicle
...
...
...
Width(1)
Height
Passenger vehicles of 10 to 16 seats (including the driver’s seat)
650
1200
Passenger vehicles of more than 16 seats (including the driver’s seat)
650
1650
Note: (1) This dimension can be lowered by 100 mm if the measurement is made at the handle.
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2.17.3. Height of steps leading to service doors:
- Permissible height and depth of steps leading to service doors, stairs and steps inside of the vehicles (not applicable to urban passenger vehicles such as the BRT or similar means of transport) shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 7 and Figure 6 below.
- Surface of the steps must be rough or covered with materials that have a lot of friction.
- Width and surface of steps must be large enough so that when a rectangular gauge of 400 mm x 300 mm is placed on the first surface and a rectangular gauge of 400 mm x 200 mm is placed on other steps, part of the gauge that protrudes from the steps must not exceed 5% of the gauge volume. In regard to double doors, each half of access steps must satisfy this requirement.
Figure 6 - Riser height and tread depth
Schedule 7 - Permissible riser height and tread depth
Unit: mm
The first step (from near side)
...
...
...
500(1)
Minimum tread depth
300(2)
Other steps
Riser height (E)
Maximum
350(3)
Minimum
120
...
...
...
200
Note:
(1) 700 mm for emergency doors;
(2) 230 mm for vehicles transporting up to 22 people;
(3) Riser height along gangway shall not exceed 250 mm; or 250 mm in respect of vehicles transporting up to 22 people; or 300 mm in respect of steps of doors located after the last stairs;
- Riser height from near side shall be determined when the vehicle is unladen; If the vehicle height is adjustable, such measurement shall be made when the vehicle is at its lowest position;
- Riser height (E) between steps are not required to be uniform.
- Slope of steps in any direction shall not exceed 5%;
- In case of double doors, steps of each half of access passages must be considered separate steps.
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Passenger vehicles shall be fitted with emergency doors that satisfy requirements below:
2.18.1. Dimension requirements:
- Emergency doors that can be opened shall have minimum dimensions of: 550 mm wide x 1200 mm tall; Steps leading to emergency doors shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 7 and Figure 6.
- Windows shall be allowed as emergency doors if they are not smaller than 0,4 m2 and can fit a rectangular gauge that is 500 mm tall x 700 mm wide;
- Rear windows shall be allowed as emergency doors if they can fit a rectangular gauge that is 350 mm tall and 1550 mm wide where corners of the rectangle can be rounded while maintaining a radius of 250 mm.
2.18.2. Minimum number of emergency doors is specified under Schedule 8.
2.18.3. Phrases that read “CỬA THOÁT HIỂM” and/or “EMERGENCY EXIT” shall be required at doors used as emergency doors. Glass breakers shall be required in the vicinity of emergency doors that are made of glass.
Schedule 8 - Minimum number of emergency doors
Number of passengers(1)
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...
...
31 ÷ 45
46 ÷ 60
61 ÷ 75
76 ÷ 90
> 90
Minimum number of emergency doors (2)
4
5
6
...
...
...
8
9
Note:
(1) In regard to double deck buses/articulated buses, number of passenger means the number of passengers, drivers, and attendants on each deck/section.
(2) Service doors shall not be counted as emergency doors
2.18.4. Access to emergency doors and emergency windows
2.18.4.1. Access to emergency doors: Empty space between gangway and emergency doors shall fit a 1400 mm tall shape consisting of one cylinder of 550 mm in diameter on top of a second cylinder of 300 mm in diameter and 700 mm tall. The base of the lower cylinder shall be contained within the projection of the upper cylinder. If foldable seats are located along such access, empty space reserved for the aforesaid shape shall be determined when the seats are folded (see Figure 7).
Figure 7 - Access to emergency door
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2.19. Cargo, luggage compartment
2.19.1. Cargo compartments of vehicles shall be rigid, capable of ensuring safety for cargo, and not be fitted with parts that increase cargo compartment volume except for parts that fasten the top cover of cargo compartments.
2.19.2. Garbage compartment of garbage trucks shall be fitted with top cover.
2.19.3. Cargo compartment of vehicles transporting dangerous goods shall be entirely isolated from the cabin.
2.19.4. Vans shall satisfy requirements under the TCVN 7271. In respect of vans with at least 2 rows of seats, ratio of cargo compartment to passenger compartment determined in accordance with the TCVN 7271 shall not be lower than 1,8 tonne. Dimension of passenger compartment shall be determined when the front seat row is located at medium level with seat-back at 25o angle (if the seat-back is at an angle below 25o, the measurement shall be made at a position where seat angle is at the highest).
2.19.5. Overall width of cargo compartment of trucks shall not exceed 10% of overall width of the cabin.
2.19.6. Luggage compartment (other than carry-on) of passenger vehicles (if any) shall be located along the sides and/or rear of the vehicle under the floor together with doors that are dust proof, waterproof, easy to operate, and able to maintain integrity while the vehicle is operating. Luggage compartments shall be further divided into sub-compartments whose maximum dimension lengthwise and widthways of each compartment shall not exceed 1500 mm and 1225 mm respectively; If luggage compartments are located at the rear of the vehicle, dimensions of luggage compartments shall not exceed 1500 mm in any case. Partitions of each luggage compartment shall be of sufficient strength to prevent displacement of luggage while the vehicle is operating. Luggage compartment shall be able to withstand a load equivalent to or greater than volumetric weight where density of luggage compartment equals 100 kg/m3.
2.19.7. Requirements of installation of fifth-wheel coupling in semi-trailer trucks:
2.19.7.1. In respect of tractor units designed to tow semi-trailers, height of the top plate of fifth-wheel coupling (h) shall not exceed 1400 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is not connected to semi-trailers and shall not exceed 1150 mm to 1300 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is laden. If a tractor unit is designed to tow container semi-trailers where height exceeds 2900 mm, height of the top plate of fifth-wheel coupling (h) shall not exceed 1150 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is not connected to semi-trailers and shall not exceed 1025 mm to 1100 mm when the fifth-wheel coupling is laden (see figure 8);
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2.19.7.3. The distance I4 is a horizontal distance between a cylinder of radius d with the same center as the lock jaw of the fifth-wheel coupling and a cone shape of with same center. The cone is created by a vertical line inclining to the front of tractor units at a 6o angle. This straight line shall be determined so that the cone surface does not come into contact with any part of tractor units located above the horizontal plane crossing the fifth-wheel coupling. The X is identified on the horizontal median plane of tractor units where the concerned horizontal median plane is parallel to and 250 mm above the horizontal plane crossing the fifth-wheel coupling. At X, the distance I4 (Ix) shall not be lower than 80 mm;
2.19.7.4. Radius from the lock jaw of fifth-wheel coupling to the furthest point at the rear of tractor units (d1) shall not exceed 2200 mm.
Figure 8 - Height of fifth-wheel coupling and radius of turning clearance between the fifth-wheel coupling and the cabin of semi-trailer tractor units
Windshield shall be multilayered safety glass. Glass fitted to doors shall be safety glass. Glass fitted to emergency doors and emergency windows shall be highly durable safety glass These types of safety glass shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 32:2011/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 43 of equivalent edition or higher.
2.21.1. Outlet of tailpipe shall not aim at the front or the right of vehicle.
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2.22.1. Vehicles shall be equipped with: headlamps consisting of high beam and low beam, blinkers, hazard lights, daytime running lamps, brake lights, reverse lights, license plate light.
2.22.2. Headlamps shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 35:2010/BTGTVT or any UNECE below of equivalent edition or higher:
+ UNECE No. 01;
+ UNECE No. 05;
+ UNECE No. 08;
+ UNECE No. 20;
+ UNECE No. 98;
+ UNECE No. 112;
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2.22.3. Lights and signal lights shall be firmly secured and able to maintain their photometric characteristics while the vehicle is operating.
2.22.4. The following lights shall be installed in pairs: headlamps, blinkers, daytime running lamps, brake lights (at least 2 brake lights are installed in pairs). Lights that are installed in pairs shall:
a) be installed in a symmetrical manner on both sides of median plane of the vehicle;
b) be of the same color.
2.22.5. Installation location of lights are specified under Schedule 9.
Schedule 9 - Installation locations of lights
Unit: mm
No.
Type of light
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...
...
Distance between inner edges of symmetrically installed lights
Distance from outer edges of lights to the outer edges of the vehicle
to lower edges of lights
to upper edges of lights
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
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...
...
1
Low beam
≥ 500
≤ 1200 (1500)
≥ 600 (400)
≤ 400
2
Blinker
≥ 350
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...
...
≥ 600 (400)
≤ 400
3
Daytime running light
≥ 350
≤ 1500 (2100)
≥ 600 (400)
≤ 400
4
...
...
...
≥ 350
≤ 1500 (2100)
≥ 600 (400)
-
5
Reverse light
≥ 250
≤ 1200
-
...
...
...
Note:
- Values contained in brackets in column (4) apply to special circumstances where vehicle body or structure does not permit installation of the lights within the permissible height limit.
- Values contained in brackets in column (5) apply to circumstances where overall width of vehicles is lower than 1300 mm.
2.22.6. Lights shall satisfy requirements under Schedule 10.
Schedule 10 - Color, minimum quantity, luminous intensity, and visual inspection criteria of lights
No.
Type of light
Color
Minimum quantity
...
...
...
Luminous intensity (cd)
Visual inspection criteria
1.
Headlamps
High beam
White or yellow
2
≥ 12000
Light strips have length ≥ 100 m, width of 4 m(1)
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...
...
-
Light strips have minimum length of 50 m and allow observation of obstacles 40 m away.
2.
Front blinkers
Yellow
2
80 ÷ 700
The blinkers can be seen at 20 m away during daytime
3.
...
...
...
Yellow/Red
2
40 ÷ 400
4.
Brake lights
Red
2
20 ÷ 100
5.
...
...
...
White
1 (2)
80 ÷ 600
6.
Front daytime running lamps (3)
White or yellow
2
2 ÷ 60
The light can be seen at 10 m away during daytime
...
...
...
Rear daytime running lamps
Red
2
1 ÷ 12
8.
Rear license plate lights
White
1
2 ÷ 60
...
...
...
(1) Inspection is conducted when vehicle is unladen and has one driver with equipment:
+ In respect of high beam: Vertically, the beam shall not angle upwards more than 0%; shall not angle downwards more than 2% if the lights are installed at 850 mm or less from ground level or shall not angle downwards more than 2,75% if the lights are installed above 850 mm from ground level. Horizontally, the beam shall not angle rightwards more than 2% and shall not angle leftwards more than 0%;
+ In respect of low beam inspected by equipment: Vertically, if headlamps are located at a height equal to or lower than 850 mm from ground level, the intersection between the cutoff line and the upper kink of the beam shall not angle upwards more than 0,5% from the horizontal plane and shall not angle downwards more than 2% from the horizontal plane; if headlamps are located at a height greater than 850 mm from ground level, the intersection between the cutoff line and the upperkink of the beam shall not angle upwards more than 1,25% from the horizontal plane and shall not angle downwards more than 2,75% from the horizontal plane. Horizontally, the intersection between the cutoff line and the upper kink of the beam shall not angle rightwards more than 2% and shall not angle leftwards more than 0%.
(2) No more than 2 lights.
(3) Front lights can be used in combination with other lights.
2.22.7. Other requirements
2.22.7.1. Lights of red color and reflective strips shall not be installed at the front of the vehicles. Lights of white color shall not be installed at the rear (other than reverse lights).
2.22.7.2. In respect of headlamps:
+ When low beam is turned on, all high beam shall be turned off;
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2.22.7.3. Reverse lights shall be turned on when the gear stick is in reverse gear and ignition switch is at a position where the engine can operate. Reverse lights shall be turned off if any of the conditions above is not met.
2.22.7.4. License plate lights shall be turned on when headlamps are turned on and cannot be turned on and off by separate switches.
2.22.7.5. In respect of brake light:
+ Brake lights shall be turned on when the driver uses primary brake system;
+ If brake lights are used in combination with rear lights, luminous intensity of brake lights shall be stronger than that of rear lights.
2.22.7.6. In respect of blinkers:
+ All blinkers on the same side shall flash at the same intervals. Flashing frequency is 60 ÷ 120 times/minute;
+ The maximum interval between the moment in which the switch is turned on and the blinkers start to flash is 1,5 seconds.
2.22.7.7. Hazard lights shall flash simultaneously and at the same frequency. Hazard lights can be used in combination with blinkers.
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2.23.1. Vehicles shall be fitted with rear reflective strips.
2.23.2. The reflective strips shall not be triangle in shape.
2.23.3. Lights from headlamps of other vehicles reflected by rear reflective strips shall be clearly visible from 100 m away.
2.23.4. Reflective strips shall be red in color.
2.24.1. Vehicles shall be fitted with rear-view mirrors that allow driver to register traffic at the rear and to the sides of the vehicles.
2.24.2. Exterior rear-view mirrors shall be positioned in a way that allows the driver to view through side windows or windshield area wiped by wipers.
2.24.3. Rear-view mirrors shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 33:2011/BGTVT or the UNECE No. 46 of equivalent edition or higher. Installation of rear-view mirrors shall conform to Appendix 3 hereof.
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+ A minimum of 2 wiping frequencies is required;
+ One of the wiping frequencies shall not be lower than 45 times/minute;
+ One of the wiping frequencies shall range from 10 to 55 times/minute;
+ Difference between the highest wiping frequency and any of the lower wiping frequencies shall not be lower than 15 times/minute.
2.26.1. Horn consisting of multiple separate equipment each of which emits a sound signal and operates independently of one another by separate switches shall be considered a horn system. Horn (or horn system) shall emit sound continuously at a steady volume.
2.26.2. Horn volume (when measured at 7 m away from the front by a micro located at a height ranging from 0,5 m to 1,5 m and close to the median plane of the vehicle) shall range from 93 dB(A) to 112 dB(A).
2.27.1. Vehicles shall be equipped with speedometer.
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2.27.3. Tolerance of speedometer shall range from -10% to +20% when the measurement is at 40 km/h.
2.28. Fire extinguishers and first-aid kit
2.28.1. Fire extinguishers: Vehicles transporting combustible commodities and passenger vehicles of 16 seats or higher shall be equipped with fire extinguishers.
2.28.2. First-aid kits: A minimum of one first-aid cabinet or first-aid bag (which contains first-aid equipment) shall be required on passenger vehicles of 16 seats or higher. Minimum volume and minimum dimensions of first-aid cabinets and first-aid bags shall be 7 dm3 and 80 mm respectively. First-aid cabinets and bags shall be positioned where they can be easily retrieved in case of emergency.
2.29. Regulations on environmental protection
2.29.1. Emission limit
2.29.1.1. Vehicle emission shall satisfy requirements under the QCVN 05:2009/BGTVT and the QCVN 86:2015/BGTVT.
2.29.1.2. Emission inspection conducted by rapid test (which is depicted under the TCVN 6438) shall satisfy regulations below:
+ In respect of vehicles with positive ignition engines, in unladen test, vehicle emission shall satisfy requirements below:
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- Hydrocarbon HC (ppm volume): ≤ 600 in respect of four-stroke engines, ≤ 7800 in respect of two-stroke engines, ≤ 3300 in respect of specialized engines.
+ In respect of vehicles with compression-ignition engines, smoke level when tested with free acceleration shall be ≤ 50% HSU.
2.29.2. Noise produced by parking vehicles as measured in accordance with the TCVN 7880 shall not exceed the maximum limit specified under Schedule 11.
Schedule 11 - Maximum noise limit
Unit: dB(A)
No.
Type of vehicle
Maximum noise limit
1
...
...
...
103
2
Trucks, special-use vehicles, and passenger vehicles having G ≤ 3500 kg
103
3
Trucks, special-use vehicles, and passenger vehicles having G > 3500 kg and P ≤ 150 kW
105
4
Trucks, special-use vehicles, and passenger vehicles having G > 3500 kg and P > 150 kW
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...
Note: - P refers to the highest engine capacity;
- G refers to gross vehicle mass.
2.29.3. The use of CFC in vehicle air-conditioning system is prohibited.
2.30. Specific requirements of adapted vehicles
2.30.1. Control mechanisms of vehicles operated by persons with disabilities shall be appropriate with mobility of the persons with disabilities.
2.30.2. Adapted vehicles shall be marked as adapted vehicles in appropriate positions for easy recognition.
2.31. Specialized mechanisms installed on vehicles (if any) shall be firmly secured and accompanied by instructions or guidance on using, operating specialized mechanisms for the purpose of safety.
3.1. Inspection, testing, and certification
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3.1.2. Technical dossiers and test samples: Manufacturing and assembling facilities, importing organizations and individuals are responsible for submitting technical dossiers and test samples for testing in accordance with applicable regulations of the Ministry of Transport.
3.1.3. Calculation method is allowed for the purpose of inspecting uphill capability in accordance with section 2.2.3 of special-use vehicles and tractor units and inspecting angle of the static lateral stability of vehicle types in accordance with section 2.1.2.3.
3.1.4. Testing for effectiveness of primary brake and parking brake during road test shall be conducted during sample product inspection and testing. Testing for effectiveness of primary brake and parking brake during bench test shall be conducted during factory-release inspection of mass manufactured products.
3.1.5. Testing for emission during rapid test under section 2.29.1.2 shall be conducted during factory-release inspection of mass manufactured products.
3.1.6. Manufacturing facilities shall be responsible for inspecting mass manufactured and assembled products in order to satisfy regulations regarding lateral slip in accordance with 2.4.7, brake effectiveness in accordance with 2.5.8, intensity and deviation of headlamps in accordance with 2.22.6, tolerance of speedometer in accordance with 2.27.3, emission in accordance with 2.29.1.2, noise level in accordance with 2.29.2. Noise inspection of mass manufactured and assembled products shall be conducted via probability sampling. Manufacturing facilities shall register sampling method and ratio to quality control authority.
3.1.7. Inspection, testing, and certification of vehicles whose dimensions or axle load is greater than the limit according to 2.1.1:
3.1.7.1. In respect of vehicles whose weight exceeds the limit under 2.1.1, inspecting and testing entities shall calculate and adjust in order to record values satisfying weight requirements of vehicles permissible for road traffic.
3.1.7.2. In respect of vehicles whose dimensions and axle load exceeds the limit under 2.1.1, test and inspect in accordance with this Regulation and record vehicle technical specifications at request of test applicants. Inspection, testing, and certification results shall only allow these vehicles to operate in a limited setting and not participate in traffic. In special cases where traffic participation is required such as: moving from manufacturing, import location to depots; moving to maintenance and repair facilities; moving to register facilities; transporting goods that cannot be disassembled, permission granted by road authority and compliance with relevant regulations shall be required.
3.1.8. In respect of vehicles with novel structures or utilizing novel materials, documents relating to design, test and inspection results, or documents on transfer of relevant technology shall be provided.
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4.1. The Vietnam Register is responsible for the implementation of this document during technical safety and environmental protection inspection of vehicles.
4.2. Roadmap for implementation
4.2.1. This Regulation shall apply to manufactured, assembled vehicles for which the certification for technical quality, safety and environmental protection has been issued and imported vehicles which have been examined and issued with certification for technical quality, safety and environmental protection before the effective date hereof after 18 months from the effective date hereof. The provision that reads “Compressed air containers shall be of sufficient quantity and satisfy the TCVN 6153 ÷ TCVN 6156 pressure containers or equivalent standards of foreign countries under section 2.5.7 which reads “Primary brake system that utilizes compressed gas transmission shall satisfy requirements below” under the QCVN 09:2011/BGTVT shall expire from the effective date hereof.
4.2.2. This Regulation shall apply to manufactured, assembled vehicles for which the certificate of technical safety and environmental protection is issued for the first time and imported vehicles which have not been examined nor certified for technical quality and environmental protection from January 1, 2017.
4.2.3. In respect of request for testing interior materials (2.1.2.6), tyres (2.3.2), light alloy wheels (2.3.5), automobile glass (2.20), headlamps (2.22.2), rear-view mirrors (2.24.3), installation of liquid fuel tank (2.1.2.5) of vehicle types that have not been approved and licensed for sale by competent authority, roadmap under respective Technical Regulations shall be complied with.
4.2.4. Inspection, testing, or exemption from testing of emission under 2.29.1.1 shall conform to provisions under legislative documents. Emission level under 2.29.1.1 according to QCVN 86:2015/BGTVT shall apply from January 1, 2017. In respect of vehicles manufactured and/or assembled from vehicle types that have been inspected and certified for emission, emission level of the manufactured and/or assembled vehicles shall be similar to that of the vehicle types that have been inspected and certified.
4.2.5. Provisions under 2.29.3 shall conform to roadmap of the Government for eliminating, reducing Ozone depleting substances.
4.3. Provisions under 2.1.2.9 do not apply to imported vehicles; calculation formula for determining permissible number of passengers under 2.1.2.8 does not apply to vehicles manufactured and assembled in foreign countries whereas maximum gross vehicle mass defined under TCVN 6529 where weight of a person is calculated in accordance with 2.1.2.7 shall not be greater than maximum gross vehicle mass published by foreign vehicle manufacturers.
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4.5. If standards referred to under this Regulation are superseded by newer Regulations, the new versions shall prevail. If regulations referred to under this document are amended or replaced, the new versions shall prevail. Roadmap for implementation shall conform to roadmaps specified under respective Regulations.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING SUSPENSION FREQUENCY OF VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM
1. Scope and regulated entities
This Appendix provides for method for determining suspension frequency and damping ratio of suspension system of vehicles of at least 2 axles.
2. Test conditions
2.1. Test equipment and tools
2.1.1. Measuring instruments with measurement range from 0,3 Hz to 100 Hz.
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2.2. Sample
2.2.1. Vehicles shall be adequately laden as per design.
2.2.2. Suspension system shall conform to vehicle design.
2.2.3. Tyres shall be new and of the same type for the vehicles; tyre pressure shall conform to regulations of manufacturers.
2.3. Test environment
Non-rainy day, temperature ranging from 1 oC to 50 oC, relative humidity ranging from 0% to 85%.
3. Method for inducing vibration
The following methods for inducing vibration are depicted below:
3.1. Method 1 (only applicable to vehicles with 2 axles):
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Figure 1-1 - Graph of principles of method 1
Allow the vehicle to free fall from a height h which ranges from 60 mm to 120 mm so that when the wheels touch the ground, vehicle frame does not come into contact with the blocks limiting travel of suspension system (Figure 1-1).
In special cases, the height may vary outside of the range 60 mm to 120 mm.
3.2. Method 2:
Compress vehicle frame by 60 mm to 120 mm relative to original position so that the frame does not come into contact with the limiting blocks. Lift compression force suddenly to generate vibration.
4. Test preparation
4.1. Inspect test sample in accordance with 2.2.
4.2. Determine specifications of test sample.
4.3. Install measuring instruments
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...
For non-suspended parts: axles where measurement is required;
For suspended parts: vehicle floor directly above the axle. If measurement sensor cannot be placed directly on the floor, it can instead by placed in nearby position so long as the sensor is capable of depicting vibration of the suspended part where measurement is required.
4.3.2. Requirements for measurement sensor installation
Measurement sensors shall be firmly secured and installed at the right position and prevented from making contact with vehicle frame or other hard objects during measurement.
4.3.3. Connection between measurement sensors and other parts of the instruments shall prevent vehicle vibration from affecting instrument operation.
4.3.4. Following installation, inspect operation of the instruments.
5. Testing
Carry out 3 tests in the steps described below:
5.1. Bring the vehicle to test position, turn off the engine, and return gear stick to neutral gear.
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5.3. Record and store measurement reading. Minimum duration of measurement reading shall be 3 seconds.
5.4. Process test results in accordance with 6 and produce report on test results.
6. Processing test results
On damping vibrations measured on vehicle body (Figure 1-2 a) and axle (Figure 1-2b), read vibration interval T1 of vehicle body and T2 of axle. Calculate vibration frequency of vehicle body, axle, and damping ratio:
6.1. Calculate vibration frequency of vehicle body and axle:
Where:
f1: vibration frequency of vehicle body (Hz);
T1: vibration interval of vehicle body (s);
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T2: vibration interval of axle (s);
Z(t): damping deceleration of vehicle body (m/s²);
x(t): damping deceleration of axle (m/s²).
6.2. Half-interval damping ratio D of vehicle body:
Where: A1: amplitudes of the second peak to the third peak;
A2: amplitudes of the third peak to the fourth peak;
6.3. Damping ratio y of vehicle body:
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Where: p = 3,14;
ln: natural logarithm.
If D is insignificant (A3 does not decrease dramatically), damping ratio of the entire interval D’:
Where: A3: amplitudes of the fourth peak to the fifth peak.
Damping ratio y of vehicle body:
6.4. During processing of test results, if irregular results are produced, such results shall be cancelled and the test shall be repeated.
6.5. Test results shall be mean value of 3 tests.
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LPG, CNG CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS
1. LPG containers
1.1. LPG tanks shall be of adequate quantity and satisfy requirements under national technical standards and regulations of Vietnam or the UNECE No. 67 or equivalent standards of foreign countries.
1.2. Container installation shall satisfy requirements below:
+ Containers shall be firmly secured to vehicle body, shall not be placed in passenger compartment or engine compartment, shall be protected from external forces, and shall receive reasonable natural ventilation.
+ Metal-to-metal contact is eliminated other than installation points of the containers.
+ If containers and fuel pipes are placed in a position where they can be affected by heat radiated from tailpipe or noise mufflers, the containers and fuel pipes shall be protected by corresponding insulated materials.
+ Vents of airtight cover of containers that aim outside shall be directed downwards without introducing ventilation to fenders or other heat sources such as tailpipes.
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2.1. CNG container shall be of adequate quantity and satisfy requirements under national technical standards and regulations of Vietnam or the UNECE No. 110 or equivalent standards of foreign countries.
2.2. Container installation shall satisfy requirements below:
+ Containers shall be firmly secured to vehicle body, shall not be placed in engine compartment, shall be protected from external forces, and shall receive reasonable natural ventilation;
+ Metal-to-metal contact is eliminated other than installation points of the containers.
REAR-VIEW MIRROR INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
1. General requirements
A vehicle shall be fitted with at least 2 main external rear-view mirrors (of type II or type III), one on each side of the vehicle. In addition, type IV mirrors (external mirrors for wider view) in quantity of choosing are also allowed; in respect of vehicles whose gross vehicle mass is not greater than 7,5 tonne, type V mirrors (external mirrors for closer view) in quantity of choosing are also allowed.
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2. Mirror installation requirements
2.1. Mirrors shall be placed in a way that the driver, while sitting on regular driver’s seat, can clearly observe road to the sides and to the rear of the vehicle.
2.2. Mirrors shall be visible through side windows or windshield area wiped by wipers.
2.3. When the vehicle is laden and distance from the lowest point of the mirrors to the near side is lower than 2m, the outermost point of the mirror shall not protrude more than 200 mm from the side of the vehicle.
2.4. In respect of type V mirrors: the entire mirrors and their cover shall not be more than 2 m away from near side when the vehicle is laden.
3. Visibility requirements of type II and type III mirrors
3.1. External mirrors installed to the port side of the vehicle shall allow the driver to observe a road segment that is at least 2,5 m wide from the left side of the vehicle towards the middle of the road and at least 10 m away from the driver.
3.2. External mirrors installed to the starboard of the vehicle shall allow the driver to observe the road segment that is:
+ 4 m wide from a plane parallel to the median plane of the vehicle and crossing the rightmost point of the vehicle and 20 m away from the driver (Figure 3-1) in respect of cars and trucks (gross vehicle mass not exceeding 2 tonne);
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DRIVER’S VISION THROUGH REAR-VIEW MIRROR
