Luật dân số 2025

LAW

ON POPULATION

Pursuant to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amended by Resolution No. 203/2025/QH15;

The National Assembly promulgates the Law on Population.

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Scope

This Law prescribes communication, mobilization, education regarding population; maintenance of replacement-level fertility, reduction of gender imbalance; adaptation to population ageing; improvement to population quality; conditions for assuring implementation of population affairs.

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In this Law, the terms below are construed as follows:

1. Population means a combination of people living in a country, area, geo-economic zone or administrative division.

2. Population density means number of people living in a country, area, geo-economic zone or administrative division at any given time.

3. Population demographics means population classified by gender, age, ethnic group, education level, occupation, marital status, and other relevant characteristics.

4. Population distribution means distribution of population by area, geo-economic zone, or administrative division.

5. Population quality reflects physical, intellectual, and mental wellbeing of the population.

6. Family planning means combined effort of the Government, society, and families to enable individuals, married pairs to actively, voluntarily decide number of children, when to give birth, interval between children to protect health, responsibly raise children in a manner appropriate to living conditions of families and social standards.

7. Replacement-level fertility means the average level of fertility of 2,1 children per woman of childbearing age.

8. Sex ratio at birth is determined by the number of newborn boys for every 100 newborn girls in the same period.

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10. Imbalanced sex ratio at birth means a sex ratio at birth that is beyond the balanced sex ratio.

11. Population ageing means the growing proportion of older people in total population where people of 60 years of age or older make up 10% of total population or higher or people of 65 years of age or older make up 7% of total population or higher.

12. Population services mean services serving population-related affairs, including provision of population information and data; communication, mobilization, education relating to education; provision of reproductive health services, family planning, population quality improvement services, elderly care services, and other services as per the law.

13. Social competence of the elderly means the ability of the elderly to maintain, adapt, and participate in social relationships in order to further contribute to family and society.

Article 3. Principles of population affairs

1. Protect legitimate rights and benefits of agencies, organizations, and individuals in population together with socio-economic development, environmental protection, ethnic cultural characteristic protection for rapid and sustainable national development.

2. Ensure volition, willingness, equality, and heightened accountability of each individual, married pair, and family in implementation of population affairs.

3. Ensure balance and harmony between rights, obligations of citizens, enterprises and responsibilities of the Government.

4. Integrate population-related factors in development and implementation of socio-economic development strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, projects of the whole country, of each area, of each field, of each industry, of each administrative division, and of each organization.

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Article 4. Integration of population factors in socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects

1. Population factors to be integrated include population density, demographic, and distribution.

2. Integration of population factors in socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects must:

a) unify, synchronize population factors among socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects; and

b) exercise sustainable development growth objectives and settlement of relationship between population and growth; adhere to population policy goals; and

c) exercise during development and implementation of socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects.

3. Integration of population factors in socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies, planning, plans, programs, schemes, and projects shall conform to regulations of the Prime Minister.

Article 5. Vietnam’s Population Day, National Action Month on Population

1. Vietnam’s Population Day is December 26 each year.

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Article 6. Prohibited actions

1. Communicating, propagating, or introducing unfactual information or information deviating from principles, regulations of the Communist Party and regulations of the law of the Government pertaining to population.

2. Obstructing communication, education, popularization of information or counsel relating to population, family planning or access to population services.

3. Selecting gender of babies in any shape of form; informing, disclosing gender of babies unless stipulated by the Minister of Health for diagnosis and treatment of gender-related diseases.

4. Forcing or mandating or prohibiting childbirth.

5. Discriminating or expressing prejudice in access to population services.

6. Cloning humans.

Article 7. Government policies regarding population

1. Population is the leading factor in construction, development, and protection of the country. Exercise population and growth policies via solutions for maintaining replacement-level fertility, reduction of imbalanced sex ratio at birth, adaptation to population ageing, improvement to population quality in relationship with socio-economic factors, national defense and security, development of prosperous, civilized, happy nation.

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3. Develop policies for improving population quality pertaining to physical, intellectual, and mental health; protecting and developing the population for extremely small ethnic minorities.

4. Depending on socio-economic conditions from time to time, develop appropriate policies to support married pairs and individuals in giving birth, raising children via policies relating to labor, employment, salary, social insurance, health insurance, allowance, education, healthcare, housing, and other policies to improve fertility rate, achieve sustainable replacement-level fertility, especially for provinces and cities with sub-replacement fertility.

5. Develop policies for adapting to population ageing; developing network of geriatric hospitals, geriatric departments in general hospitals; developing healthcare for the elderly; providing convenient access to medical services and societal environment appropriate to socio-economic conditions for the elderly; encouraging preparations for old age while young; encouraging, incentivizing enterprises and organizations to participate, manufacture, and provide goods, services for the elderly as per the law; assisting the elderly in terms of employment, jobs, social security, business startup, participation in the economy, digital transformation; developing long-term insurance care, and other forms of health insurance. Prioritize human resource development in geriatric medicine. Develop policies for attracting human resources in geriatric medicine.

6. Develop policies for distributing population via socio-economic development, national defense and security strategies, planning, programs appropriate to each area, region, industry, administrative divisions.

7. Prioritize and provide assistance in implementation of population affairs in ethnic minority zones and mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged commune-level administrative divisions in shoals, coastal areas, and islands.

8. Ensure resources for population affairs; provide assistance and facilitate population and growth programs, schemes, projects. Develop policies for reinforcing the system, improving training, refresher training advanced training for personnel engaged in population affairs; improving reproductive health care network services.

9. Develop policies for promoting study, application, development science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation in population sector.

10. Develop incentive policies for taxes, land, credit, and other incentives as per the law to encourage, motivate, and mobilize social resource participation in population affairs.

11. Encourage employers to assist and enable employees to adopt solutions for maintaining replacement-level fertility, adapting to population ageing, and improving population quality.

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COMMUNICATION, MOBILIZATION, AND EDUCATION REGARDING POPULATION

Article 8. Purposes and requirements in communication, mobilization, and education regarding population

1. Communicate, mobilize, and provide education pertaining to population to raise awareness, convert behavior, create consensus and positive support of society to comprehensively, consistently settle population-related issues while achieving rapid and sustainable national growth.

2. Communication, mobilization, and education regarding population must:

a) be accurate, scientific, timely, clear, comprehensive, and practical; and

b) adhere to tradition, cultural and ethnic characteristics, social moral, religion, belief, customs; emphasize family value; connect community; and remove gender prejudice;

c) be appropriate to characteristics of administrative divisions and subject of communication, mobilization, education regarding population.

Article 9. Details of communication, mobilization, and education regarding population

1. Principles and regulations of the Communist Party, policies, regulations of the Government regarding population affairs.

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3. Rights and obligations of individuals, families, and employers; benefits of community, society, and country in implementation of population affairs.

4. Prioritize communicating, mobilizing, and providing education regarding matters that:

a) encourage marriage, childbirth to maintain replacement-level fertility; minimize child marriage and consanguine marriage;

b) minimize imbalanced sex ratio at birth and consequences thereof;

c) adapt to population ageing, prepare for old age while young;

d) encourage the general public to receive appropriate healthcare; actively access health counseling and examination services before marriage; screen, diagnose, and treat diseases before childbirth and during postpartum period; make provision for and treat infertility;

dd) promote elimination of gender prejudice, improve the role of women and girls in families and community.

5. Integrate population contents in education programs appropriate to education levels.

Article 10. Entities and responsibility for communication, mobilization, and education regarding population

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2. Prioritize communication, mobilization, and education that conveys appropriate population contents to:

a) Minors;

b) People in childbearing age;

c) The elderly;

d) Immigrants, people with disability, people prone to infectious diseases;

dd) Ethnic minorities, especially extremely small ethnic minorities;

e) Employers.

3. Population authorities have the responsibility to provide guidelines on communication, mobilization, and education regarding population; cooperate with agencies, organizations, and individuals in communication, mobilization, and education regarding population.

4. Press agencies shall actively cooperate with population authorities in communication, mobilization, and education regarding population.

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Article 11. Methods for communication, mobilizing, and providing education regarding population

1. Directly.

2. Indirectly via media.

3. Campaigns, events, exhibits, competition regarding population, and other methods.

Chapter III

MAINTENANCE OF REPLACEMENT-LEVEL FERTILITY AND REDUCTION OF IMBALANCED SEX RATIO AT BIRTH

Article 12. Adjustment to population density and demographics

1. Adjustment to population density and demographics is conducted in order to stay in line with social-economic development via solutions for:

a) Adjusting fertility rate;

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c) Other solutions.

2. Depending on socio-economic conditions from time to time, the Government, provincial local government shall decide on adoption of solutions under Clause 1 of this Article via socio-economic development strategies, planning, plans, programs, and projects.

Article 13. Rights and obligations of individuals and married pairs in childbirth and reproductive health care

1. Decide time for having children, number of children, and interval between birth depending on age, health conditions, education level, employment situations, income, and parenting capability of each individual and married pair on an equality basis.

2. Protect health and adopt solutions for preventing reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS, and other solutions relating to reproductive health care.

Article 14. Maintenance of replacement-level fertility

1. Solutions for maintaining replacement-level fertility include:

a) For the second pregnancy, maternity leave of 7 months; paternity leave of 10 working days after a male employee’s wife gives birth;

b) Childbirth allowance for women in very small ethnic minorities;

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d) Childbirth allowance for women having 2 children before age 35;

dd) Priority in purchase and lease-purchase of social housing in accordance with housing laws for people with 2 natural childbirths or more;

e) Other solutions decided by the Government.

2. Depending on socio-economic conditions from time to time, the Government shall prescribe allowance rate and procedures for providing allowances under Points b, c, and d Clause 1; eligibility and conditions for implementing Point a Clause 1 of this Article.

3. Depending on state budget balance, local provincial governments shall, within their tasks and powers, prescribe:

a) Allowance at a higher rate than that prescribed by the Government;

b) Eligibility and solutions for maintaining replacement-level fertility other than those specified under Clause 1 of this Article.

4. On an annual basis, central statistical authority shall declare fertility rate to enable the Government and local provincial governments to develop and adopt appropriate support, encouraging policies in order to maintain replacement-level fertility.

Article 15. Reduction of imbalanced sex ratio at birth

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2. Suspend medical examination and treatment practices for individuals who inform, disclose infant gender for abortion in accordance with medical examination and treatment laws.

3. On an annual basis, central statistical authority shall declare imbalanced sex ratio at birth to enable the Government and local provincial People’s Committees to develop and adopt appropriate intervening solutions so as to reduce imbalanced sex ratio at birth.

Chapter IV

ADAPTATION TO POPULATION AGEING

Article 16. Solutions for adapting to population ageing

1. Preparation for old age.

2. Care for the elderly.

3. Development of human resources for providing care for the elderly.

4. Solutions relating to support, care, and utilization of roles of the elderly in accordance with regulations on the elderly and other relevant law provisions.

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Article 17. Active preparation for old age

1. Individuals shall actively prepare for old age when young via:

a) Preparation of health, finance, and psychology;

b) Participation in social insurance and health insurance;

c) Participation in learning, improvement of knowledge, skills for maintaining physical, mental health and social competence;

d) Participation in providing care for the elderly;

dd) Other preparations for old age.

2. The Government shall develop policies to support priority entities in preparation for old age.

3. Encourage agencies, organizations, enterprises, families, and individuals to assist individuals in preparation for old age appropriate to demand of each elderly group. Encourage individuals to engage in health insurance in accordance with insurance business laws.

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1. Develop diverse methods for caring for the elderly; provide assistance in improving social competence, self-care capability of the elderly appropriate to the level of autonomy and demand of each elderly group.

2. Methods for caring for the elderly include:

a) Self-care;

b) Care at home;

c) Care at community;

d) Care at nursing facilities, medical examination and treatment establishments according to the elderly laws.

3. Solutions for assisting care for the elderly include:

a) Providing knowledge and skills to enable the elderly to maintain, improve physical, mental health, and social competence;

b) Assisting family members in caring for the elderly via appropriate training, counseling, and technical support;

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4. Encourage socio-political organizations, social organizations, socio-occupational organizations, education institutions, elderly care facilities, and local communities to provide support for care for the elderly that involves multi-generation participation.

5. The Government shall elaborate Point b and Point c Clause 2 of this Article.

Article 19. Development of human resources for elderly care

1. Integrate geriatric medicine in programs for continuous medical knowledge update.

2. Encourage organizations and individuals to grant scholarship, provide tuition support, subsistence allowance for learners in geriatric medicine, especially people studying at medical examination and treatment establishments, elderly care facilities at ethnic minority zones, mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged commune-level administrative divisions in shoal areas, coastal regions, and islands.

3. Development of human resources for elderly care shall conform to elderly laws.

Chapter V

IMPROVEMENT OF POPULATION QUALITY

Article 20. Pre-marital counseling and health check-up

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2. Depending on socio-economic conditions from time to time and state budget balance, provincial local governments shall, within their tasks and powers, decide on subsidies for pre-marital counseling and health check-up service fees.

Article 21. Prenatal and postnatal screening, diagnosis, and treatment

1. Encourage prenatal and postnatal screening for congenital disorders for pregnant women and infants according to list of diseases for mandatory screening of the Minister of Health.

2. Expenditure on prenatal and postnatal screening of certain congenital disorders shall be subsidized by state budget, health insurance according to roadmap for increase of health insurance fees and other legitimate funding sources. Depending on socio-economic conditions from time to time and state budget balance:

a) The Government shall elaborate scope, eligible entities, and amount of subsidies for prenatal and postnatal screening of certain congenital disorders in accordance with priority roadmap;

b) Local provincial governments shall, within their tasks and powers, decide on extension of scope, eligible entities, and amount of subsidies for prenatal and postnatal screening of congenital disorders under Point a of this Clause.

3. Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis and treatment of congenital disorders shall conform regulations of the law on medical examination and treatment and health insurance.

Article 22. Care for reproductive health

1. Individuals and married pairs have the right to adequately, equally, and non-discriminatorily access reproductive health care services; make their own decisions relating to reproductive health on the basis of their understanding, volition, and respect for their rights and benefits.

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3. Depending on practical situations, provincial local governments shall decide to provide contraceptives, subsidize family planning service fees for individuals living in poor, near-poor households, social protection beneficiaries; individuals in ethnic minority regions, mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged commune-level administrative divisions in shoal areas, coastal areas, islands; communes in land border areas.

Chapter VI

ASSURING CONDITIONS FOR POPULATION AFFAIRS

Article 23. Funding sources for population affairs

1. State budget.

2. Social insurance fund, health insurance fund.

3. Payments of population service buyers.

4. Sponsors, donation, contribution of domestic, foreign organizations and individuals as per the law.

5. Other funding sources as per the law.

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1. Funding shall be provided for population service providers that are among public service providers utilizing state budget as per the law and exercising tasks as a result of order placement, task assignment, or bidding by competent state authorities.

2. Funding shall be provided for population service providers of the Government in accordance with regulations of the law on state budget, financial autonomy for public service providers.

3. Funding shall be provided for training, advanced training, and development of human resources in population affairs.

4. Funding shall be provided for investment and development of population service providers of the Government as per the law.

Article 25. Development of human resources in population affairs

1. Individuals directly and frequently managing, arranging population affairs shall undergo training, professional training, field-specific training appropriate to the affairs; benefit from incentive regulations and policies as per the law, especially individuals living in ethnic minority regions, mountainous regions, extremely disadvantaged commune-level administrative divisions in shoal areas, coastal areas, and islands.

2. Population affair part-time employees shall be eligible for training and professional training in accordance with regulations of the Minister of Health; eligible for policies and regulations of the Government.

Article 26. International cooperation in population affairs

1. Actively engage in international cooperation in population affairs; participate in international organizations, programs, and initiatives related to population according to decisions of competent authorities; request competent authorities to engage in international treaties and arrange implementation of international treaties as per the law; sign and arrange implementation of international agreements in population within their powers and as per the law.

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a) Sharing, exchanging experience, techniques, researching, applying science, and transferring technology;

b) Exchanging experts;

c) Providing training, advanced training, and professional training;

d) Mobilizing donation and sponsor;

dd) Initiating other cooperation.

Chapter VII

RESPONSIBILITY OF AGENCIES, ORGANIZATIONS, FAMILIES, AND INDIVIDUALS IN POPULATION AFFAIRS

Article 27. Governance relating to population

1. Governance relating to population includes:

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b) Developing, promulgating, and arranging implementation of legislative documents, regulations, policies pertaining to population;

c) Providing training and advanced training for human resources engaged in population affairs; communicating, mobilizing, educating, and providing education relating to knowledge and the law on population;

d) Arranging research and development of science, technology, innovation, and digital transformation, application and transfer of technology in population affairs;

dd) Developing specialized database on population connected and synchronized with national database on population and other relevant field-specific database serving population policymaking process;

e) Engaging in international cooperation in population;

g) Inspecting, examining, settling complaints, denunciations, taking actions against violations of population laws, and commending merits in population affairs;

h) Exercising other tasks as per the law.

2. The Government shall carry out unified governance in population on a nationwide scale; file reports on population affairs every 5 years or on an irregular basis to the National Assembly.

3. The Ministry of Health shall be responsible to the Government for governance relating to population.

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5. Local governments, within their tasks and powers or decentralization, shall carry out governance relating to population. Provincial local governments shall decide on subsidies for health insurance card premiums for the elderly who have not obtained health insurance card depending on socio-economic conditions and local budget balance.

Article 28. Responsibility of economic organizations and other organizations, families, individuals relating to population affairs

1. Comply with regulations of the law relating to population affairs.

2. Exercise mobilization of the Communist Party and the Government relating to population affairs.

3. Respect rights and benefits of individuals, families; benefits of community, society, and country in implementation of population affairs.

4. Family members have the responsibility to assist one another in implementation of population policies and regulations of the law.

Chapter VIII

IMPLEMENTATION

Article 29. Amendment to laws related to population affairs

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 “1. Female employees are eligible for maternity leave of 6 months before and after birth; female employees having a second pregnancy are eligible for maternity leave of 6 months before and after birth with up to 2 months of prenatal maternity leave.

Female employees expecting twins or more shall be eligible for 1 extra month of maternity leave for each additional child.”.

2. Amendment to Point c Clause 2 Article 53 of the Law on Social Insurance No. 41/2024/QH14 amended by the Law No. 73/2025/QH15 and the Law No. 84/2025/QH15:

 “c) Where his wife is expecting twins or a second child, the male employee is eligible for paternity leave of 10 working days. Where his wife is expecting triplets or more, the male employee is eligible for 3 additional days of paternity for each child from the third child and onwards;”.

3. Amendment to the Law on Housing No. 27/2023/QH15 amended by the Law No. 43/2024/QH15, the Law No. 47/2024/QH15, the Law No. 84/2025/QH15, the Law No. 90/2025/QH15, and the Law No. 93/2025/QH15:

a) Add Clause 13 following Clause 12 Article 76: “13. People with 2 children of natural childbirths or more.”;

b) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 và 10 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 Article 76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 1 Article 77;

c) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 và 8 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Article 76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 5 Article 77;

d) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 và 10 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 Article 76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 1 Article 78;

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e) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 và 8 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Article 76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 Article 76) under Point a Clause 3 Article 78;

dd) Replace the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 và 11 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 Article 76) with the phrase “các khoản 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 và 13 Diều 76” (Clauses 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13 Article 76) under Clause 2 Article 78;

h) Amend Point dd Clause 1 Article 79:

 “dd) If an individual is eligible for multiple support policies, only the policy with the highest value shall apply; if multiple individuals share the same standards and eligibility, the order of priority shall be: people serving the revolution, relatives of martyrs, persons with disabilities, individuals relocating in form of purchasing, lease-purchasing social housing, people with 2 children of natural childbirths or more, women;”.

4. Add Point d following Point c Clause 1 Article 34 of the Law on Medical Examination and Treatment No. 15/2023/QH15

 “d) Announcing or disclosing infant gender for abortion.”.

5. Repeal Clause 3 Article 17 of the Law on Gender Equality No. 73/2006/QH11.

6. Repeal the phrase “Mỗi cặp vợ chồng chỉ nên có từ một đến hai con.” (Each married pair should only have 1 to 2 children.) under Clause 1 Article 43 of the Law on Protection of People’s Health No. 21-LCT/HDNN8.

Article 30. Entry into force

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2. Regulations under Point c and Point d Clause 1 Article 14 of this Law come into force from January 1, 2027.

3. Ordinance for Population No. 06/2003/PL-UBTVQH11 amended in accordance with Ordinance No. 07/2025/UBTVQH15 expires from the effective date hereof.

This Law is approved by the 15th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the 10^th meeting on December 10, 2025.

CHAIRPERSON OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY




Tran Thanh Man